TrimTabs data on hedge fund performance in December added in this update
BOSTON (
) -- Hedge fund managers tend to outperform during stock-market rebounds when individual investors are playing it safe. After a miserable performance during a volatile 2011, that outperformance is still missing as hedge funds pared risk and haven't participated in this year's rally.
Hedge funds, which cater to wealthy investors by chasing higher returns for bigger fees, did not live up to high investor expectations this year. Hennessee Group, an adviser to hedge fund investors, said its own hedge fund index fell 4.3% in 2011, compared with a flat finish for the
S&P 500
. Hennessee Group's hedge fund index perked up in January, rising 2.5%. However, that trailed a gain of more than 4% for the S&P 500.
Bill Ackman, Pershing Square |
"January was a good month for hedge funds. After a 4.6% decline last year, the industry has a more positive outlook for 2012," Lee Hennessee, managing principle of Hennessee Group, said in an emailed statement. "It is encouraging to see a respectable gain even with managers conservatively positioned. Looking forward, managers are still cautious but are optimistic on the potential to generate positive alpha."
A solid performance in January still doesn't wash away a bad December for hedge funds. TrimTabs Research estimates that the hedge fund industry lost $7 billion in December as industry assets fell about 8% in 2011. Assets are at their lowest since February 2010, TrimTabs said, which is in part because of performance. From May 2011 onward, hedge fund performance was negative in every month except October, TrimTabs added.
While it is encouraging that performance is starting to pick up to start 2012, investors in those funds likely aren't happy that hedge funds failed to deliver during tough times. Charles Gradante, co-founder of Hennessee Group, says that after several months of treading water, managers may be primed for a strong turnaround this year.
"The top-performing managers were positioned for a January rally and were long stocks that underperformed in 2011," Gradante said in an emailed statement, arguing that stocks have rallied this year on fundamentals rather than economic or political news. For that reason, investors might find guidance in picking stocks by following where the smart money moved during the fourth quarter.
The first place for investors to look at hedge fund positioning is the spate of recently released 13-F filings. Hedge fund and investment managers who oversee more than $100 million are required to disclose their equity holdings, options and convertible debt on a Form 13F filed to the
Securities and Exchange Commission
within 45 days of the end of a quarter. Funds aren't required to report short positions betting on declines, derivatives, bonds or currency bets.
TheStreet
pored over more than 40 fourth-quarter regulatory filings by some of the biggest hedge fund managers to examine what the smart money bought before we entered 2012. The most important trends for the quarter, broken down by sector, are highlighted on the following pages.
Energy
The energy sector saw plenty of hedge fund activity and it's no wonder why. Energy stocks in the S&P 500 jumped 17.6% in the fourth quarter, according to S&P Capital IQ, the best performance of any of the S&P 500's 10 sectors during the three-month period. This performance came as crude oil prices surged from about $76 per barrel in October to more than $100 by late December. In 2012, these bets have paid off with a 5% return for the energy sector, although that trails six other sectors of the S&P 500.
This upward move in crude prices and energy stocks has likely benefitted a handful of hedge fund managers, assuming they continue to hold shares of oil stocks. Hedge funds like Brevan Howard, Bridgewater Associates, Centaurus Capital, Moore Capital and Tudor Investment, among many others, all upped their exposure to energy stocks during the fourth quarter.
It hasn't all been about the recent jump in the price of oil, though. In the fourth quarter, the energy sector as a whole saw earnings growth of 6.5%, third-best of any other sector during the quarter, according to FactSet Research analyst John Butters. On the downside, earnings for energy companies in the S&P 500 should climb only 1.1% in 2012 based on analysts' estimates.
El Paso
(EP)
found many buyers after it was announced that
Kinder Morgan
(KMI) - Get Report
would buy the company for $21 billion.
, Carl Icahn's Icahn Associates, Louis Bacon's Moore Capital, and Leon Cooperman's Omega Advisors all initiated stakes or increased existing positions in El Paso during the quarter.
Meanwhile,
Barry Rosenstein's Jana Partners
sold 12 million shares of El Paso but bought up stock in other energy names like
Marathon Petroleum
(MPC) - Get Report
and
Anadarko
(APC) - Get Report
. Elsewhere, Centaurus Capital made a $30 million bet on
Complete Production Solutions
(CPX)
.
Among other favored picks, U.K. hedge fund Brevan Howard initiated new stakes in
Valero
(VLO) - Get Report
and
Petrobras
(PZE)
. Ray Dalio's Bridgewater Associates opened positions in
Peabody Energy
(BTU) - Get Report
and
Imperial Oil
(IMO) - Get Report
, among several others, while increasing stakes in
Tesoro
(TSO)
and
HollyFrontier
(HFC) - Get Report
.
, which takes a value approach to investing, trimmed its stake in
BP
(BP) - Get Report
and completely sold out of a position in
BreitBurn Energy
(BBEP)
during the fourth quarter.
, while a buyer of El Paso, sold shares of Anadarko,
Transocean
(RIG) - Get Report
and
Talisman Energy
(TLM)
.
Steven Cohen was another seller of energy names, dumping more than a million shares each of
Baker Hughes
(BHI)
, Marathon Petroleum, HollyFrontier,
Hess
(HES) - Get Report
and others.
>>To see these energy stocks in action, visit the
Energy Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Materials
Some of the biggest hedge fund managers were down on the materials sector during the fourth quarter, although one specific stock in the sector was a buy for a few fund managers, which increased their exposure to the group.
The materials sector was the second worst of all S&P 500 sectors last year, falling 11.6%, according to S&P Capital IQ. Only financials performed worse as a group in 2011. That move lower came as the materials group saw the second largest decrease in earnings growth during the fourth quarter out of all sectors, with profits down 13.8% from the prior year. Looking ahead, though, earnings are expected to grow 4.8% in 2012, down from 29.6% earnings growth in 2011, according to FactSet Research.
With slowing growth on the horizon, hedge funds were jumping out of some positions in materials stock, reducing their reported portfolio's overall exposure to the sector.
David Tepper's Appaloosa Management
was one such firm, dumping shares of
International Paper
(IP) - Get Report
,
CF Industries
(CF) - Get Report
and
Mosaic
(MOS) - Get Report
. John Thaler's JAT Capital liquidated its 5-million-share stake in
Molycorp
(MCP)
and took new positions in
Owens-Illinois
(OI) - Get Report
and
Cemex
(CX) - Get Report
.
On the other hand, hedge funds like Brevan Howard and Highbridge Capital saw their portfolios increase their stakes in the materials sector. Jana Partners bought shares of
Cytec Industries
(CYT)
and
Rock-Tenn
(RKT)
. Highbridge picked up stocks like
LyondellBasell
(LYB) - Get Report
, CF Industries,
Sealed Air
(SEE) - Get Report
and
Huntsman
(HUN) - Get Report
, among others.
John Paulson, who presided over an epic collapse in his fund last year, bought other materials companies as he increased his positions in gold-related companies like
Barrick Gold
(ABX)
,
Iamgold
(IAM)
,
Rangold Resources
(GOLD) - Get Report
and
Agnico-Eagle Mines
(AEM) - Get Report
.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Materials Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Industrials
Like the materials sector, industrials have been a dog for investors this year. Industrial companies in the S&P 500 were down 2.9% in 2011, according to S&P Capital IQ, the third worst sector performer of the year. However, since the end of the third quarter, industrial stocks have been roaring back. In the final quarter of 2011, the sector was up 15.7%, second only to the 17.6% gain in energy. That momentum has carried into 2012, with the sector up 8.4% through Feb. 15.
It remains to be seen whether those industrial bets pay off, but for now analysts are looking positively on the sector. According to FactSet Research, industrial companies in the S&P 500 should see earnings grow 10% this year, the fourth highest growth rate for any sector.
One reason that many hedge funds saw increases in exposure to industrials was because of purchases of M&A target
Goodrich
(GR)
. The company, which will be acquired by
United Technologies
(UTX) - Get Report
, found buyers in Eton Park Capital, and Farallon Capital. Lone Pine Capital, meanwhile, dumped its entire stake in Goodrich and United Tech.
Among other notable buys, Carl Icahn picked up a few industrial stocks, buying shares of
American Railcar
(ARII) - Get Report
and
Navistar
(NAV) - Get Report
. John Thaler's JAT Capital took new positions in
Union Pacific
(UNP) - Get Report
and
GrafTech
(GTI)
.
Lee Ainslie's Maverick Capital
bought up shares of
Tyco
(TYC)
and
Avery Dennison
(AVY) - Get Report
.
Elsewhere, Bruce Kovner's Caxton Associates was a big buyer of industrial stocks, picking up merger mates
United Rentals
(URI) - Get Report
and
RSC Holdings
(RRR) - Get Report
along with shares of
Illinois Tool Works
(ITW) - Get Report
,
Cummins
(CMI) - Get Report
,
CSX
(CSX) - Get Report
and
Deere
(DE) - Get Report
, among others.
also increased its exposure to industrials, but that's after Ackman built up a massive position in railway
Canadian Pacific
(CP) - Get Report
. Ackman now owns 14.2% of shares outstanding as he has gone activist on Canadian Pacific's management team.
On the other hand, David Tepper took an axe to Appaloosa's airline holdings, reducing positions in
United Continental
(UAL) - Get Report
and
U.S. Airways
(LCC)
while completely liquidating his stake in
Delta Air Lines
(DAL) - Get Report
.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Industrial Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Consumer Discretionary
Consumer discretionary as a whole didn't do too much last year, although the 4.4% rise beat the broader market. With global recession fears easing and the European Central Bank making free cash available to banks to buy sovereign debt, investors have been willing to take on more risk. That explains why discretionary names surged 12% in the fourth quarter of 2011 and are up another 8.6% in 2012 through Feb. 15, according to S&P Capital IQ.
The outlook for consumer discretionary stocks seems to be bright. After earnings grew a 3.5% during the fourth quarter from a year ago, the sector is second overall with an expected earnings growth rate of 12.7% in 2012. For the most part, hedge fund managers are placing bigger bets in the sector, with some of the largest funds boosting exposure to discretionary names.
John Griffin's Blue Ridge Capital
was one buyer of discretionary stocks during the fourth quarter, picking up shares of
Priceline.com
(PCLN)
,
Lowe's
(LOW) - Get Report
,
Netflix
(NFLX) - Get Report
and
Sirius XM
(SIRI) - Get Report
, among others. Bill Ackman, on the other hand, dumped more than 21 million shares of Lowe's during the quarter, while Paul Tudor Jones was also a buyer of Sirius XM.
John Paulson also made several best on discretionary names during the quarter, most notably taking a 15% stake in
Delphi Automotive
(DLPH) - Get Report
after the company's IPO in November. Paulson also bought shares of
AMC Networks
(AMCX) - Get Report
, the cable network channel that produces hit shows like
Mad Men
and
The Walking Dead
.
Meanwhile, Eton Park was one fund that cut its exposure to consumer discretionary in the fourth quarter. The fund trimmed its stake in stocks like
Viacom
(VIA.B)
,
Comcast
(CMCSA) - Get Report
and
Dollar Tree
(DLTR) - Get Report
.
Tom Steyer's Farallon Capital was also a seller of Viacom shares. His fund also completely sold out of stakes in
Home Depot
(HD) - Get Report
,
Expedia
(EXPE) - Get Report
and
CarMax
(KMX) - Get Report
.
Similarly, Lee Ainslie's Maverick Capital took a hatchet to its discretionary holdings, selling completely out of
Time Warner Cable
(TWC)
, Viacom,
Macy's
(M) - Get Report
,
Kohl's
(KSS) - Get Report
and
DirecTV
(DTV)
, among others. Eddie Lampert's RBS Partners cut stakes in
AutoNation
(AN) - Get Report
,
AutoZone
(AZO) - Get Report
and even
Sears Holdings
(SHLD)
.
was another big seller of discretionary stocks, slashing entire stakes in
Amazon.com
(AMZN) - Get Report
,
Ralph Lauren
(RL) - Get Report
,
Comcast
(CMCSA) - Get Report
and Priceline.com, among many others.
was also a seller of Amazon.com and Ralph Lauren.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Consumer Discretionary Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Consumer Staples
With the global economy at risk due to the European crisis and market volatility scaring investors, it's natural to believe the right place to be invested would be consumer staples. These are companies that are defensive, cyclical names which can help protect against downside risk.
Unfortunately, there hasn't been a whole lot of growth opportunity in consumer staples stocks. The overall sector rose 10.5% in 2011 -- second best among all S&P 500 sectors -- but worries over growth have abated and investors have sought out slightly riskier assets for a higher return.
In the fourth quarter, earnings for the staples sector grew by only 2.3% from a year ago. Based on estimates, consumer staples will see earnings rise 7.9% in 2012, according to FactSet Research, below the growth rates of industrials, technology and even consumer discretionary names. That may explain why staples are up only 0.4% in 2012, the third worst performing sector.
Few hedge funds made big alterations to their holdings of consumer staples stocks.
Phillipe Laffont's Coatue Management
made only one change to its consumer staples holdings, cutting its stake in controversial company
Green Mountain Coffee Roasters
(GMCR)
in half. JAT Capital sold completely out of its stake in Green Mountain during the quarter, along with
Smithfield Foods
(SFD)
.
David Einhorn's Greenlight Capital
shuffled up its discretionary holdings, dropping its stake in
CVS Caremark
(CVS) - Get Report
while picking up shares of
General Motors
(GM) - Get Report
,
Best Buy
(BBY) - Get Report
and
CBS
(CBS) - Get Report
, among others.
While Maverick Capital made big cuts to discretionary names, the fund picked up shares of several staples companies, including
Sara Lee
(SLE)
and CVS. Bill Ackman, meanwhile, trimmed his big position in
Kraft Foods
(KFT)
.
Moore Capital was more active in the staples space, dumping shares of
Altria
(MO) - Get Report
,
Procter & Gamble
(PG) - Get Report
and
PepsiCo
(PEP) - Get Report
. Carl Icahn was also a seller of consumer staples, unloading a massive stake in
Clorox
(CLX) - Get Report
after losing a battle to buy the company. Nelson Peltz's Trian Fund Management, meanwhile, sold more than 2.3 million shares of Pepsi.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Consumer Staples Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Health Care
The health care sector was a popular one in the fourth quarter for hedge fund managers looking for merger-arbitrage opportunities. Takeover targets like
Kinetic Concepts
,
Adolor
and
Pharmasset
were snatched up during the quarter, increasing health care weightings for several hedge fund managers.
The merger activity is one way to explain the strong performance of the health care sector this year. Health care names in the S&P 500 rose 10.2% overall last year, according to S&P Capital IQ, the third best sector performance this year. The outlook for health care stocks, though, leaves plenty to be desired. After notching only 4.6% earnings growth in the fourth quarter, analysts are calling for 2.4% earnings growth for the sector in all of 2012. Health care stocks are trailing the broader indices this year, climbing only 3.8% in 2012 through Feb. 15.
David Tepper of Appaloosa Management was a buyer of health care stocks, picking up nearly 8 million shares of
Boston Scientific
(BSX) - Get Report
. Ray Dalio was another buyer, with his Bridgewater Associates hedge fund buying shares of
Johnson & Johnson
(JNJ) - Get Report
,
Watson Pharmaceuticals
(WPI)
and
St. Jude Medical
(STJ)
, among others.
Louis Bacon of Moore Capital was also a big health care buyer, picking up shares of
Gilead Sciences
(GILD) - Get Report
,
Express Script
(ESRX)
,
Cigna
(CI) - Get Report
and
WellPoint
(WLP)
, among several others.
, the world's largest quant fund, also upped its exposure to health care, adding to stakes in Gilead,
Thermo Fisher
(TMO) - Get Report
,
Humana
(HUM) - Get Report
,
Intuitive Surgical
(ISRG) - Get Report
and Cigna, among others.
Not all were buyers, however. Barry Rosenstein's Jana Partners liquidated a position in
Covidien
(COV)
and nearly dumped its entire stake in
HCA Holdings
(HCA) - Get Report
.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Health Care Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Financials
Given the sharp drop in financial stocks last year, it should come as no surprise that hedge fund managers continued to dump bank shares during the fourth quarter. There was nearly uniform disgust with U.S. bank stocks like
Bank of America
(BAC) - Get Report
,
Citigroup
(C) - Get Report
and
JPMorgan Chase
(JPM) - Get Report
, which had all been big winners for hedge fund managers who bet on their recovery after the financial collapse in late 2008.
Financials as a group were the worst performing sector on the S&P 500 last year, down 18.4%, according to S&P Capital IQ. That performance may have been too much for the likes of John Paulson. His hedge fund finally gave up on several financial holdings, selling completely out of positions in Citigroup, Bank of America,
BlackRock
(BLK) - Get Report
and others.
Others followed in Paulson's footsteps. Among other interesting sales, Bruce Kovner's Caxton Associates, which owned shares of
MF Global
prior to the collapse, sold completely out of positions in
Wells Fargo
(WFC) - Get Report
and
Morgan Stanley
(MS) - Get Report
. Vinik Asset Management cleared its stake of JPMorgan and
American Express
(AXP) - Get Report
.
In crisis there lies opportunity. Many of those funds that sold bank stocks may have missed out on the 10.2% rally in the fourth quarter and the 11.1% rally in the sector this year. Some smart hedge fund managers were buyers of financial stocks last quarter during the carnage, which increased their reported portfolio's sector weighting.
Most notably,
made new buys of
Goldman Sachs
(GS) - Get Report
,
Genworth Financial
(GNW) - Get Report
and
E*Trade Financial
(ETFC) - Get Report
. While Brevan Howard slashed its position in
Berkshire Hathaway
, the hedge fund initiated a stake in Bank of America. Kyle Bass bought up 10 million shares of
MGIC Investment
(MTG) - Get Report
during the quarters.
These financial buyers may not be completely crazy. If there's one reason for optimism, next year's earnings growth may be it. According to FactSet Research, financials should see earnings growth of 22.3% in 2012, the highest based on analysts' estimates of all sectors. It remains to be seen if the European debt crisis and the exposure to those troubled countries derails those rosy forecasts.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Financial Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Information Technology
The technology sector gets a lot of attention from hedge funds, mostly because it seems like everyone wants to own shares of
Apple
(AAPL) - Get Report
. The truth, though, is that the sector has performed admirably this year and should do well into 2012 based on analysts' estimates.
The tech area of the S&P 500 climbed only 1.3% last year, falling in the middle of the pack of the 10 sectors of the broad market index. Looking ahead to 2012, analysts expect earnings for the sector to grow 11.5%, which would be the third-best earnings growth rate of all S&P 500 sectors. Thanks to Apple's contribution, the tech sector is the best performing space in 2012, up 12% through Feb. 15.
The 13-F reporting system isn't perfect, as investors can't tell whether ownership of a stock means the hedge fund manager loves the company or is simply hedging a bigger short position. That said, it's interesting to look at opposing views based on these filings. Based on buying and selling, tech stocks -- and Apple in particular -- are the perfect example of this push and pull.
Apple was among the most held of any stock by hedge funds, as it has been for several quarters now.
, DE Shaw, Lone Pine Capital, Moore Capital and Maverick Capital all bought shares of the gadget maker during the fourth quarter. However, hedge funds like Blue Ridge and Coatue Management dumped Apple shares during the quarter.
The same battleground story holds true among the other big tech stocks. Soros, Blue Ridge,
, Lone Pine, DE Shaw, Moore Capital and Coatue bought up shares of
(GOOG) - Get Report
while Jana Partners dumped shares. Coatue and Viking Global bought
Qualcomm
(QCOM) - Get Report
while JAT Capital dumped its entire position in the chipmaker and Maverick sold shares.
Research In Motion
(RIMM)
was another battleground name, with David Einhorn and Steven Cohen buying the stock as Phil Falcone's Harbinger Capital and JAT Capital sold out of stakes in the BlackBerry maker. DE Shaw sold
Microsoft
(MSFT) - Get Report
shares as SAC Capital bought nearly a million.
One tech name that found lots of support was
Yahoo!
(YHOO)
after Third Point's Daniel Loeb amassed a large stake in the Internet company and has pushed for major changes. Loeb added 8 million shares to bring his stake to 271 million shares, with George Soros, Louis Bacon, and David Einhorn also buying up Yahoo! shares during the quarter.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Tech Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Telecom
The telecom sector evokes yawns from the casual investor. Hedge fund managers, too, find little to be excited about in the sector. With telecom shares essentially flat in 2011 and down 2.5% this year through Feb. 15, investors bored with wireless companies look smart to have skipped over the sector.
The reasons for the aversion are simply because there's little growth to be had. FactSet Research has the telecom sector growing earnings by only 3% next year based on analysts' estimates, a far cry from the 22.3% expected earnings growth in financials or even 7.9% expected growth in consumer staples. Still, that's better than how telecom companies fared in the fourth quarter, when earnings dropped 23.7%, the lowest growth rate of all 10 sectors of the S&P 500.
Though certainly not the sexiest sector, some hedge fund managers increased their reported holdings during the fourth quarter. Ray Dalio's Bridgewater Associates initiated stakes in companies like
BCE
(BCE) - Get Report
,
SBA Communications
(SBAC) - Get Report
and
NII Holding
(NIHD) - Get Report
. Glenview Capital picked up shares of
Crown Castle
(CCI) - Get Report
,
Sprint Nextel
(S) - Get Report
and
Clearwire
(CLWR)
.
Among other buyers, Paul Tudor Jones added to stakes in NII Holding, Clearwire,
Vodafone
(VOD) - Get Report
and
MetroPCS
(PCS)
.
On the other hand, Centaurus Capital dumped its stake in
Level 3 Communications
(LVLT)
while Lone Pine Capital liquidated its position in NII Holding. Louis Bacon's Moore Capital sold its stakes in
Verizon
(VZ) - Get Report
and
BCE
(BCE) - Get Report
.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Telecom Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
Utilities
If there is one sector more boring that telecom, it's utilities. Though many are big dividend payers, there's little excitement in owning an electricity company. Making matters worse, the utility sector saw earnings dip 0.4% in the fourth quarter, according to FactSet Research. Looking ahead, utilities are the only sector expected to see earnings shrink in 2012, with analysts' estimates calling for a 3.2% slide.
Despite those negatives, utility stocks have been the best performers this year on the S&P 500, climbing 14.8% in 2011. Boring and unsexy is much more palatable if it means getting a big return. However, that success hasn't carried over into 2012, with the utilities sector down 4.2% through Feb. 15.
David Shaw's hedge fund was one buyer of utilities during the quarter. DE Shaw upped its stake in companies like
Northeast Utilities
(NU)
,
Constellation Energy
(CEG)
,
FirstEnergy
(FE) - Get Report
and
CenterPoint Energy
(CNP) - Get Report
, among several others. Leon Cooperman made a bet on
NRG Energy
(NRG) - Get Report
during the quarter.
Meanwhile, Moore Capital was a seller of utility stocks such as
PPL Corp.
(PPL) - Get Report
,
Westar Energy
(WR)
,
Consolidated Edison
(ED) - Get Report
and
Pinnacle West
(PNW) - Get Report
. Paulson & Co. made a big sale of
Genon Energy
(GEN) - Get Report
during the quarter. York Capital Management dumped a large stake in CenterPoint during the quarter.
Quant fund Renaissance Technologies liquidated 21 positions in utilities stocks during the quarter, selling shares of
Southern Company
(SO) - Get Report
,
PG&E
(PCG) - Get Report
, Pinnacle West, and
Duke Energy
(DUK) - Get Report
, among others.
>>To see these stocks in action, visit the
Utilities Stocks Bought and Sold by Hedge Funds
portfolio on Stockpickr.
-- Written by Robert Holmes in Boston
.
>To contact the writer of this article, click here:
Robert Holmes
.
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.
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Disclosure: TheStreet's editorial policy prohibits staff editors, reporters and analysts from holding positions in any individual stocks.
