Roskill: Stability Returns To The Rhenium Market

5.29      USA    58

5.29.1    Resources    59

5.29.2    Primary production of rhenium    60

5.29.2.1  Freeport McMoRan Copper & Gold    60

5.29.2.2  Rio Tinto - Kennecott Utah Copper    61

5.29.2.3  Other producers of rhenium-bearing concentrates    61

5.29.3    Potential future sources of primary rhenium    62

5.29.4    Producers of secondary rhenium in the USA    63

5.29.4.1  AAA Molybdenum Products, Inc.    63

5.29.4.2  Gemini Industries    64

5.29.4.3  Colonial Metals Inc.    64

5.29.4.4  Titan Metal Recovery    64

5.29.4.5  CP Chemicals Group    65

5.29.4.6  Heraeus Metal Processing    65

5.29.5    Fabricators of rhenium    65

5.29.5.1  BASF    65

5.29.5.2  Concept Alloys L.L.C    66

5.29.5.3  H. Cross Company    66

5.29.5.4  Powmet Incorporated    66

5.29.5.5  Rhenium Alloys Incorporated    66

5.29.5.6  Ultramet    67

5.30      Uzbekistan    67

6.        Consumption and supply and demand of rhenium    68

6.1       Consumption of rhenium by end-use    68

6.2       Consumption of rhenium by country    70

6.3       Rhenium supply and demand balance    70

7.        End-uses of rhenium    72

7.1       Superalloys    72

7.1.1     Use of rhenium in nickel-based superalloys    74

7.1.2     Markets for rhenium-containing superalloys    75

7.1.2.1   Aero engines    76

7.1.2.2   Industrial gas turbines    80

7.1.2.3   Other markets for superalloys    84

7.2       Consumption of rhenium in catalysts    85

7.2.1     Rhenium use in catalytic reforming of naphtha    86

7.2.1.1   Catalytic reforming processes    86

7.2.1.2   Principal platinum-rhenium catalytic reforming processes    87

7.2.1.3   Market for reforming catalysts    89

7.2.2     Rhenium use in catalysts for BTX production    91

7.2.3     Gas-to-liquid catalysts    92

7.2.4     Rhenium use in catalysts for the direct oxidation of ethylene    93

7.2.5     Catalyst regeneration and recycling    94

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