Forecasting Inflation: What Affects TIPS?

02/13/08 - 02:21 PM EST

Howard Simons

This column was originally published on RealMoney on Feb. 12, 2008 at 11:48 a.m. EDT. It's being republished as a bonus for TheStreet.com readers. For more information about subscribing to RealMoney, please click here.

Man does not live by bread alone, which considering what the price of wheat has been doing (cash spring wheat at Duluth is up 236% from a year ago), is no doubt a good thing. And given the propensity of government statisticians to exclude food and energy prices from various inflation measures, I guess we all can ignore higher grocery bills in the months to come.

Russian civilians trapped in Leningrad during the horrific World War II siege resorted to making ersatz bread from materials such as sawdust. I look forward to The Core Inflation Cookbook, by Ben Bernanke as told to Rachael Ray.

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities treasury-inflation-protected-securities-tips (TIPS) are based not on any bogus core inflation measures, but rather on the All-Urban Consumer Price Index, not seasonally adjusted (CPI-U). Both food and energy are included, as are difficult-to-understand measures, such as owners' equivalent rent and hedonically adjusted prices for various consumer goods.

TIPS' Forecasting Record

As I discussed in September 2007, TIPS are anything but a pure measure of inflation expectations. The yields on conventional Treasury notes have been forced unnaturally low by the flight-to-quality trade. Even so, the 10-year breakeven rate of inflation of 2.32% seems wildly disconnected from reality.

Even though the role of markets is to measure, not to forecast, we should go back and check how well TIPS' contemporaneous forecasts matched up to the realized rate of inflation ten years later. As TIPS began trading at the end of January 1997 and we have CPI-U data through December 2007, we have eleven months of comparison for TIPS' forecasting ability.

Assessing the TIPS Market's Forecasting Ability
Click here for larger image.
Source: Bloomberg

A casual glance at the chart above might indicate TIPS were well off the market. This does not stand up to analysis, however. The average root-mean-squared error of their forecast was 39 basis points. Contrast this to the semi-annual Wall Street Journal survey of economists for a six month-ahead period; this root-mean-squared error is 70 basis points. To emphasize, TIPS' forecast error for 10 years is 56% of the economists' forecast error for six months.

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