Return of the Native

Emil Her Many Horses, an NMAI curator, has been dancing at powwows since 1970. He says, "If you're not familiar with the songs, to an untrained ear, they don't mean anything. Some of the traditional songs tell stories about deeds and accomplishments."

Other songs are based on singing tones instead of words, so members of different tribes can join in regardless of language.

The fringed, beaded and buckskin garments -- known as regalia -- worn by powwow dancers are a blend of various tribal traditions.

Her Many Horses, who has won awards for his beadwork, explains: "There are distinctively tribal designs. If you're really good, you can pick out who comes from where. But it takes quite an eye."

Though the regalia's roots may go back centuries, styles evolved as tribes interacted more and as different materials became available. As with all cultures, the designs and patterns worn by Indians reflect what's important to them. For example, a veteran might include a beaded Marine Corps insignia in his regalia to commemorate his military service, along with more traditional symbols.

Dance contests are an important part of many powwows. Small events may reward winners with blue ribbons and a bit of money to cover travel expenses, while grander events can offer thousands of dollars in prizes. Competition categories are divided by age, from tiny tots to seniors, and by style of dance.

All Hail the MC

Paying attention to the master of ceremonies is the surest way to understand what's going on at a powwow and to respond appropriately. As Her Many Horses says, "The MC plays a major role. He gives instructions on protocol, and explains things ahead of time."

The MC announces the type of dance and describes different aspects of it, as well as the regalia, and the traditions behind both. He'll cue the crowd when it's time to stand, to be silent or remove hats in respect, when it's OK to take pictures and for non-Native people to join in the dancing.

"If you don't know the dances, you can go to a demonstration or just follow the steps and rhythm," says Colebut-Jackson. "Everyone feels welcome. No one looks down on anyone trying for the first time. It's not a celebration without the audience taking part in it."

That's in synch with Cornell's memory of her first try at powwow dancing. "Everyone was so gracious," she says. "I had no idea what I was doing, but everyone seemed to care about my feelings. They were so gentle in letting me know I hadn't won!"

Powwow Pointers

Some of the traditions are still considered sacred, and first-time powwow-goers can show respect by remembering a few key details.

For example, drums and eagle feathers are related to many traditions and shouldn't be touched without specific permission. Further, some of the dances are prayer-like ceremonies that should be observed in silence. The dance arena is usually blessed before the dancing begins, and it's considered disrespectful for nonparticipants to enter unless invited.

Most participants are happy to talk about what they're wearing and what they're doing, but don't speak to them while they're dancing, singing or drumming, and don't grab them to get their attention. It's also considerate to ask permission before photographing people in regalia on the powwow grounds, and recording the music and singing is forbidden.

At outdoor powwows, viewers are welcome to bring chairs and blankets to sit on while watching the dances, but seating closest to the dance arena is reserved for participants.

But most of all, remember to have a good time. "If you leave with a good experience, that's the whole purpose," says Colebut-Jackson. "What's the point of having a celebration if you don't share it?"

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