Facebook: The IPO That Wasn't Nor Will Be
Robert Holmes
01/07/09 - 02:23 PM EST
Facebook is trumpeting huge user-growth numbers, but as questions over its proper valuation swirl, some industry observers argue that the social-networking Web site's best shot at being an Internet IPO has passed.
Two camps are at war over Facebook's proper valuation, and each side presents a compelling argument. On one hand, an investment from
Microsoft (MSFT Quote) in October 2007 pegged the company's total value near $15 billion. On the other hand, tech companies with stronger revenue streams and better advertising models, such as
Google (GOOG Quote), have seen their share value slashed in half since that valuation was made.
Hot?
So who's to be believed? Looking at Facebook's user data, it's hard to not be impressed. Founder Mark Zuckerberg said Wednesday that the site now has 150 million monthly active users, with almost half of them are using Facebook every day. That's up from 100 million active users, a milestone that Facebook reached in August.
"If Facebook were a country, it would be the eighth most populated in the world, just ahead of Japan, Russia and Nigeria," Zuckerberg wrote in a note Wednesday.
For now, a slowdown in user growth doesn't appear to be imminent, if a recent move by
Apple (AAPL Quote) is any indication. During his keynote speech at
MacWorld on Tuesday, Apple marketing chief Phil Schiller unveiled an update to the iPhoto software, which will use face-recognition technology to group digital photos together.
The iPhoto software will be linked to Facebook and will allow tagged photos to be synched between the two automatically. Apple's decision to integrate the iPhoto software with Facebook could mean an increase in users and traffic to the social-networking site.
Or Not?
Detractors of Facebook's $15 billion valuation make a strong case, as well. Analysts argue that Facebook's value has probably declined as badly as, if not worse than, that of Google or
Yahoo! (YHOO Quote).
In October 2007, Microsoft had invested $240 million in Facebook for a 1.6% stake, bringing the overall value to $15 billion. In the deal, Microsoft not only bought preferred shares to make sure it would get paid first in the event the Facebook was acquired, but it also secured an advertising deal and elbowed Google out of the picture.
Since then, Google shares have plunged more than 40% to $323 a share, while Yahoo!'s stock has fallen more than 50% to $13. Even Microsoft has dropped 31% to $20. It's not hard to believe that Facebook's value has slid dramatically, as well.
As the economy has deteriorated, Facebook -- like many companies -- has been in need of more cash. In a December article, Web site
TechCrunch reported that Zuckerberg confirmed that Facebook's $15 billion valuation round was still open and that the company's CFO Gideon Yu was open to new investors at that price.
Zuckerberg denied, however, that Facebook was searching for new investments at a lower valuation. "We're not actively going around trying to raise money from a lot of different people. It's more just a follow on to that [previous round]," he told
TechCrunch.
No matter what Facebook is actually valued at, some analysts wonder if the company's ability to transform itself into a major tech player even exists, and that could be a major concern for Microsoft investors. Jeffrey Lindsay, analyst with Sanford Bernstein, argues that Facebook was the last best shot at an Internet initial public offering in the U.S.
"Facebook missed a golden opportunity for an IPO, which they may not have realized was there and won't come again for many years," Lindsay said. "In theory, the deal with Microsoft was a technical valuation, but that should've been the moment they seized the day. They had the chance but blew it. It would take something pretty spectacular to bring them back now."
With the likelihood that users will migrate way from Facebook, the same way support for MySpace faded, Lindsay says that Facebook blew their chance for massive growth. Lindsay says that as more users enter Facebook's gated community, the more likely it is that people will move on to the newest Web 2.0 product.
"There's a very strange dynamic with social networking properties where they get so large they lose their exclusivity. People start to drop out of them," Lindsay said. "Facebook is at a point that MySpace reached some time ago. Facebook is so 2007 now, and MySpace is so 2006. People are finding more exclusive ways to group together socially."
Lindsay is also quick to dismiss the importance of Apple's decision to tie its iPhoto software to Facebook. While hardware manufacturers and photography software players have discovered face recognition technology as a feature attribute, one that will help to sell cameras and photo editing software, he argues that to make a direct benefit to Facebook is overstating it.
"The new photography innovations are very helpful to the social networking players. They're definitely beneficial, but they're not transformative," he said. "It will not give them a new lease on life."